What is the main difference between sterilization and disinfection?

The primary distinction between sterilization and disinfection lies in their objectives and effectiveness in dealing with microorganisms. Sterilization is a process that completely eliminates all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. This is crucial in medical and surgical settings where the presence of any microorganisms could lead to infections or complications.

On the other hand, disinfection aims to reduce the number of pathogens to a level that is considered safe, particularly on inanimate objects. While disinfection is effective at lowering the risk of infection, it does not guarantee that all microorganisms are killed; certain resistant forms may remain.

Understanding this difference is essential for individuals working in healthcare settings, as it informs the appropriate methods for cleaning and preparing medical instruments and surfaces to prevent contamination and ensure the safety of patients and staff.